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Journal of Arabic Science and Humanities

Editorial Policies

The Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities (JASH) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity and ethical practice in scholarly publishing. The journal adheres to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and follows internationally recognized guidelines on authorship, peer review, data integrity, and responsible reporting.

• Ethical Standards: Authors must ensure submissions are original, properly acknowledge the work of others, and comply with recognized standards of research integrity. Plagiarism, redundant publication, citation manipulation, and data fabrication are strictly prohibited. For studies involving human participants, authors must respect dignity, privacy, and cultural values. Informed consent and approval from relevant institutional or ethical committees must be obtained where applicable.
• Authorship: All listed authors should have made a significant contribution to the work and approve the submitted version.
• Peer Review: JASH operates a double-blind peer review process to ensure fairness, transparency, and scholarly quality.
• Conflicts of Interest: Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any potential conflicts that could influence their work or evaluation.
• Corrections and Retractions: The journal follows COPE procedures for issuing corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary.
• Confidentiality: Manuscripts submitted to JASH are treated as strictly confidential and are shared only with those directly involved in the editorial and review process.

Submission of a manuscript to JASH implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content, and that the work complies with the journal’s editorial and ethical policies.

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Affiliations

Authors must provide accurate and complete institutional affiliations:

• Research Articles: Affiliations must reflect where the research was approved, supported, and/or conducted.
• Non-Research Articles: Authors should list their current institutional affiliation.
• Change of Affiliation: If an author has moved to a different institution before publication, the original affiliation (where the work was conducted) must be listed, and the current affiliation may be noted in the acknowledgment section. A change of affiliation alone is not a valid reason to remove an author if they meet authorship criteria.
• Independent Scholars: Authors without a current institutional affiliation should state their independent status.

Appeals and Complaints

The journal follows Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on appeals to editor decisions and complaints about editorial management of the peer review process. Genuine appeals are welcome but must include strong evidence or new data responding to editor and reviewer comments.

Authorship

Listing authors’ names on an article is a key mechanism for recognizing individuals who have made substantial contributions to the work. It also ensures transparency and accountability for the integrity of the published content.

To qualify for authorship, each listed author must meet all of the following criteria:

1. Substantial Contribution: Have made a significant contribution to the work, whether through conception, study design, execution, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or a combination of these.
2. Writing and Revision: Have drafted or written the manuscript, or substantially revised and critically reviewed its content for important intellectual input.
3. Approval: Have reviewed and approved all versions of the manuscript prior to submission, during revision, the final accepted version, and any major changes introduced at the proof stage.
4. Accountability: Accept responsibility for the integrity of the article’s content and share accountability for addressing any questions regarding its accuracy or reliability.

Additional Notes:

Participation limited to securing funding, collecting data, or providing general supervision does not qualify for authorship.

The order of authors should reflect their relative contributions. Once submitted, the order cannot be altered without written consent from all contributors.

The journal sets a maximum number of authors for each type of manuscript depending on its scope and the number of institutions involved. If this limit is exceeded, a clear justification must be provided.

Any change in authorship, before or after publication, must be agreed upon by all authors (including those being added or removed). The corresponding author is responsible for confirming such changes with all co-authors and providing justification. Post-publication changes will be reflected in a formal notice. Substantial changes to the author list after acceptance may be declined if not adequately justified.

Contribution Details

Authors are strongly encouraged to provide a detailed description of each contributor’s role in the preparation of the manuscript. Contributions should be categorized, as applicable, under areas such as: conception, study design, definition of intellectual content, literature review, data collection, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript drafting, editing, and review. These details will be published with the article. One or more authors must also be identified as guarantors, assuming overall responsibility for the integrity of the work from inception to final publication.

In the case of a sole-authored manuscript, the Author Contribution statement should indicate that the single author assumes full responsibility for all aspects of the research and manuscript preparation.

Citations

All research and non-research articles must cite relevant, recent, and verified literature (preferably peer-reviewed) to substantiate claims made in the manuscript.

Authors must avoid excessive or inappropriate self-citation, as well as coordinated citation practices among groups of authors, which constitute citation manipulation and are considered a form of misconduct (see COPE guidance).

For non-research articles (e.g., Reviews), references must present a fair, balanced, and comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge, without undue bias toward a particular research group, organization, or journal.

Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest related to the submitted manuscript. This includes relationships with institutions, organizations, or products mentioned in the manuscript, as well as any interests that could be perceived as influencing the study’s outcomes. Authors must also disclose any conflicts involving products that compete with those discussed in the manuscript.

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions

In certain circumstances, changes to a published article may be required to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. Such actions will only be taken after careful consideration by the Editor and in line with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.

All amendments will be accompanied by a permanent post-publication notice linked to the original article. Depending on the nature of the issue, this may take the form of a Correction, an xpression of ConcernE, a Retraction, or, in rare cases, a Removal.

Authors who identify a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work must notify the journal promptly and cooperate with the Editor to issue the necessary correction, retraction, or amendment.

Confidentiality

All manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities are handled with the strictest confidentiality. They are accessible only to individuals directly involved in the editorial and peer review process, including editorial staff, editors, and invited reviewers.

Reviewers are obliged to maintain confidentiality at all times. Manuscripts, in whole or in part, must not be disclosed, discussed, or used for personal advantage. If a reviewer wishes to involve a colleague as a co-reviewer, prior permission from the editorial office must be obtained, and the co-reviewer’s name and affiliation must be disclosed.

In cases of suspected misconduct, information pertaining to a manuscript may be shared with relevant institutions, ethics committees, or appropriate authorities, following COPE flowcharts and international publishing ethics standards.

Copyright Policy

Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. Articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

Data falsification/fabrication

Deliberate manipulation or fabrication of data is considered a serious form of misconduct intended to mislead others and undermine the integrity of the scholarly record, with long-term and far-reaching consequences.

Authors must ensure that all data presented in their manuscripts are accurate and faithfully represent their research. To support the evaluation process, authors are required to retain the raw data underlying their work and provide it upon request.

Failure to produce the original data when requested may result in rejection of the submission, or in the case of a published article, retraction.

Data Sharing Policy

The journal is committed to fostering prompt and responsible sharing of research data. Our policy aims to:

• Simplify submission processes and standardize author guidelines for clarity on data storage and sharing.
• Promote optimal access and reuse of research data while respecting ethical and legal requirements.
• Support proper data citation to ensure authors receive appropriate credit.
• Collaborate with the scholarly community to strengthen practices for data validation, documentation, and reuse.
• Encourage the publication of datasets as standalone, peer-reviewed outputs to enhance transparency, reusability, and scholarly recognition.

Research Data Policy and Data Availability Guidelines for Authors

Research Data Policy

The Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities encourages the sharing of research data to promote transparency, reproducibility, and the advancement of knowledge within the academic community. We recognize the importance of making data accessible to other researchers while respecting ethical and legal considerations. To this end, we have established the following guidelines for the inclusion of research data statements in submitted manuscripts:

Data Sharing Expectations:

Authors are encouraged to make their data available to the public whenever possible, except where privacy, confidentiality, or legal constraints apply. Data should be shared in a manner that allows verification of results and the reuse of data for further research.

Data Availability Statements

Authors are required to include a Data Availability Statement in their manuscripts. This statement should clearly outline where the data supporting the findings of the study can be accessed, or explain why the data cannot be shared. Below are examples of acceptable Data Availability Statements:

1. Data Available in a Public Repository:
   The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [PERSISTENT LINK TO DATASETS].
2. Data Available on Request:
   The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
3. 3. No Data Available:
   No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Desk Rejection Policy

Manuscripts may be rejected without external peer review at the initial editorial screening stage if they fail to meet the journal’s basic requirements. Common reasons include:

1. The topic or scope of the study is not relevant to the aims and scope of the journal.
2. The manuscript presents ethical concerns, fails to adhere to international publishing standards, or shows plagiarism with a similarity index above 25%.
3. The study does not demonstrate sufficient originality, impact, or contribution of new knowledge to the field.
4. The research design contains major flaws or lacks methodological rigor.
5. The objectives of the study are not clearly stated.
6. The manuscript is poorly organized or missing essential components.
7. The writing contains serious deficiencies in grammar, clarity, or academic style.
8. The manuscript does not comply with the journal’s submission guidelines.

Duplicate Submission/ Publication

At the time of submission, authors must declare that their manuscript is not under consideration by any other journal. Detection of duplicate submission or publication will generally be regarded as a deliberate act of misconduct. This includes articles previously published in another language.

Acceptable forms of secondary submission or publication (e.g., a translated article) are permitted only in accordance with ICMJE guidance. In such cases, authors must obtain permission from the original publisher and copyright holder and must fully inform the Editor of the receiving journal about the publication history. The translated article must clearly state that it is a secondary version, with appropriate citation to the original publication.

Funding

Authors are required to declare all sources of funding, including financial support, in their manuscript. The role of the sponsor(s), if any, must be clearly described, covering all stages from study design to manuscript submission. If the sponsor(s) had no involvement, this should be explicitly stated.

All funding information must be accurate, transparent, and in compliance with the requirements of the relevant funding body.

Images and Figures

Images and figures should only be included if they are directly relevant and add scholarly value to the work. Content that is purely illustrative and does not contribute to the research should be avoided.

Under the terms of the Journal Author Publishing Agreement, authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce any material owned by a third party. This includes, but is not limited to, proprietary text, illustrations, tables, data, audio, video, film stills, screenshots, musical notation, and supplemental materials.

Misconduct

The journal treats all forms of misconduct with the utmost seriousness and will take appropriate action, in line with COPE guidelines, to safeguard the integrity of the scholarly record.

Examples of misconduct include, but are not limited to:

• Misrepresentation of affiliation
• Breaches of copyright or use of third-party material without permission
• Citation manipulation
• Duplicate submission or publication
• “Ethics dumping” (conducting research in settings with lower ethical standards)
• Image or data manipulation/fabrication
• Peer review manipulation
• Plagiarism
• Text recycling/self-plagiarism
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest
• Unethical research practices

Duplicate Submission

Manuscripts that are found to have been published elsewhere, or to be under review elsewhere, will incur duplicate submission/publication sanctions. If authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they are required to cite the previous work and indicate how their submitted manuscript offers novel contributions beyond those of the previous work.

Citation Manipulation

Excessive self-citation, or the inclusion of citations whose primary purpose is to increase the number of references to a given author’s work or to articles published in a particular journal, constitutes misconduct and will incur citation manipulation sanctions.

Data Fabrication and Falsification

Submitted manuscripts that are found to have either fabricated or falsified experimental results, including the manipulation of images, will incur data fabrication and falsification sanctions.

Improper Author Contribution or Attribution

All listed authors must have made a significant scientific contribution to the research in the manuscript and approved all its claims. It is important to list everyone who made a significant scientific contribution, including students and laboratory technicians.

Redundant Publications

Redundant publications involve the inappropriate division of study outcomes into several articles.

Image manipulation

Where deliberate action has been taken to inappropriately manipulate or fabricate an image. This is a serious form of misconduct as it is designed to mislead others and damage the integrity of the scholarly record with wide-reaching and long-term consequences. All images contained within manuscripts must be accurate and free from manipulation. Specific features within an image may not be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced without adequate notification of what the alteration is. If the original, unedited images cannot be produced on request, acceptance of a manuscript or paper may be declined or retracted.

Open Access Policy

Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. Articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

Publication Ethics

The journal and its editorial board fully adhere to and comply with the policies and principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Duties of Editors

Publication decisions

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities (JASH) is responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts are accepted for publication. Decisions are guided by the quality, originality, and relevance of the submission, as well as by the feedback of expert peer reviewers. In making decisions, editors consider legal and ethical requirements, including issues related to libel, copyright, plagiarism, and research misconduct. Editorial decisions are based solely on the scholarly merit, originality, and relevance of a submission. Manuscripts are evaluated fairly, without discrimination related to authors’ personal identity or background. All decisions are also made in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Confidentiality, disclosure, and conflicts of interest

Editors and members of the editorial team treat all submissions as confidential and share them only with those directly involved in the editorial and peer review process. Editors must not use information from submitted manuscripts for personal advantage or research without the explicit permission of the authors. Editors must declare and manage any conflicts of interest that could compromise their impartiality.

Author relations

Editors are responsible for ensuring that the peer review process is conducted fairly, impartially, and within reasonable timeframes. The journal maintains specific policies for handling submissions from editorial board members to safeguard the integrity of the review process. Criteria for authorship are clearly defined and made available in the author guidelines.

Reviewer relations

The journal expects reviewers to identify and comment on potential ethical issues or instances of misconduct in submitted manuscripts, including concerns such as unethical research design, inappropriate data handling, redundant publication, or plagiarism. Reviewer reports are communicated to authors in full, except in cases where the comments contain inappropriate or defamatory language. The contributions of reviewers are valued and formally recognized; however, reviewers who consistently provide discourteous, poor-quality, or delayed reports may be removed from the reviewer pool.

Quality assurance

Editors are responsible for taking all necessary measures to ensure the quality and integrity of published content, recognizing that different sections of the journal may have distinct objectives and standards. Where applicable, editors must verify that research has received approval from an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board. Editors are expected to remain vigilant regarding intellectual property rights and to collaborate with the publisher in addressing any potential violations of laws or conventions. Any errors, inaccuracies, or misleading statements identified in published work must be corrected promptly and with appropriate visibility.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to editorial decisions

Reviewers play an essential role in supporting the editorial board’s decision-making process. Reviews must be conducted in an objective and professional manner, with comments expressed clearly and supported by appropriate reasoning, so that authors may use the feedback to improve their work. Criticism should focus solely on the content of the manuscript; personal remarks directed at the author are unacceptable.

Qualification of reviewers

Reviewers who feel unqualified to assess the research presented in a manuscript, or who are unable to complete a review within the required timeframe, must promptly inform the editor and withdraw from the review process. Reviewers must also decline any manuscript for which they have a conflict of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors, institutions, or organizations associated with the submission.

Confidentiality, disclosure, and conflicts of interest

Reviewers must treat all manuscripts received for evaluation as strictly confidential documents. Information, data, or ideas obtained through the peer review process are considered privileged and may not be disclosed to others, discussed outside the review process, or used for personal benefit in any form.

Reviewers are also required to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest that could affect the objectivity of their assessment. Such conflicts may arise from personal relationships, academic competition, financial interests, or collaborations with the authors or their institutions.

If a conflict of interest exists, reviewers must promptly notify the editor and decline the review. Acceptance of a review assignment implies that the reviewer can provide a fair, unbiased, and independent evaluation of the manuscript.

Acknowledgment of sources

Reviewers are responsible for identifying relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. All references to the ideas or findings of others should be supported by appropriate citations. Reviewers must also alert the editor to any significant similarities or overlap between the manuscript under review and other published work of which they have direct knowledge.

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards

Authors of original research must provide an accurate and transparent account of the work conducted, accompanied by an objective discussion of its significance. Data underlying the study must be represented faithfully within the manuscript, and authors should be prepared to provide public access to raw data where appropriate, retaining such data for a minimum of two years following publication. Fabrication, falsification, or knowingly inaccurate reporting constitutes unethical conduct and will not be tolerated.

Originality, plagiarism, and concurrent publication

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts are entirely original and that any use of the work or words of others is properly acknowledged through accurate citation. Plagiarism in any form, including unattributed copying, paraphrasing without credit, or appropriation of ideas, constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is strictly prohibited. Submitting the same or substantially similar manuscript to more than one journal at the same time is considered misconduct and is unacceptable.

Thesis/Dissertation Extraction

Authors must disclose if a submitted manuscript is derived from a master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation. Such disclosure is required for reasons of transparency and originality. Failure to provide this disclosure will be considered a breach of the journal’s ethical standards. Such disclosure must appear in a footnote on the Title Page. The note should include the title of the thesis/dissertation, the awarding institution (department, faculty, university, country), and the date of defense if it has already been examined.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

All authors are required to disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that could be perceived as influencing the results, analysis, or interpretation of their manuscript. In addition, all sources of financial support for the research must be fully acknowledged within the manuscript.

Authorship of the paper

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all individuals who meet the criteria for authorship are included as co-authors, and that no individuals who do not meet these criteria are listed. All co-authors must have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication. Individuals who made substantial contributions to the research should be recognized as co-authors, while those who contributed in more limited but substantive ways should be acknowledged appropriately as contributors.

Peer review process

All manuscripts are subjected to peer review and are expected to meet the standards of academic excellence. The initial editorial screening takes up to 10 days to ensure that submissions meet the journal’s basic requirements. Manuscripts that pass this stage are then sent out for double-blind peer review by two experts in the field, which takes up to 21 days. Reviewers’ identities remain anonymous to the authors, and vice versa. At the end of the review process, reviewers are asked to provide a clear recommendation: Accept, Reject, Major Revision, or Minor Revision.

If revisions are requested, authors are given 28 days to submit a revised version. The decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript rests with the editorial board and is based on the recommendations of the reviewers as part of the peer-review process. The average time from submission to final acceptance is 3–4 months.

The Research Integrity team may occasionally seek advice outside the standard peer review process, particularly for submissions with serious ethical, security, biosecurity, or societal implications. In such cases, experts and the academic editor may be consulted before determining the appropriate course of action. This may include—but is not limited to—recruiting reviewers with specialized expertise, assessment by additional editors, or declining to further consider the submission.

Publication Timing & Review Process

Submissions are accepted on an ongoing basis and must follow the requested submission types as well as the full author guidelines outlined here. The journal publishes four times annually: general issues in January, April, July, and October. Submissions are considered for publication in the next available issue once they are deemed ready for publication, rather than strictly by date of submission.

Plagiarism

The journal maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism. Any use of another author’s ideas, words, or work without proper acknowledgment is strictly prohibited. Manuscripts found to contain plagiarism, whether in whole or in part, including duplicate or redundant publication and self-plagiarism (in the same or a different language), will be rejected. Preprints deposited in recognized archives are not considered duplicate publications. The corresponding author bears full responsibility for the manuscript throughout the submission, evaluation, and publication process, and is authorized to act on behalf of all co-authors. All submissions are routinely screened using professional plagiarism-detection software. Manuscripts with an unacceptable similarity index due to plagiarism will be rejected immediately.

Preprints policy

The journal allows authors to post and share preprints at any time. Posting a preprint will not prejudice consideration for publication in the journal. Authors are encouraged, upon acceptance, to update their preprint record with a link to the final published version via the Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Authors should inform the editorial office if a preprint version exists at the time of submission.

Repository Policy

Authors are advised not to post manuscripts in institutional repositories or on personal or institutional websites before or during the submission and review process.

After publication in The journal, authors may deposit the final published PDF (publisher’s version) in institutional or subject repositories, or on personal websites, without embargo. When doing so, authors must provide a link to the article’s official version of record using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

Informed consent

Authors must respect the privacy rights of individuals and ensure that no identifying information (such as names, initials, images, or institutional identifiers) is published without obtaining the individual’s explicit written informed consent. For studies involving human participants, authors are required to confirm that informed consent was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians, where applicable) prior to submission.

When informed consent has been obtained, this must be clearly stated in the manuscript. Consent forms should be retained by the authors and made available to the journal upon request. Any alterations made to images or case details to protect anonymity must not distort scientific meaning.

Standards of reporting

Authors are required to communicate their research in a manner that enables verification, evaluation, and reproducibility. Submissions should include a clear and comprehensive account of the research rationale, study protocol, methodology, data analysis, and interpretation of results. Transparent and detailed reporting is essential to ensure that readers, reviewers, and other researchers can assess the validity of the findings and, where appropriate, replicate the study.

Use of third-party material

Authors are responsible for securing all necessary permissions to reuse third-party material in their submissions. Limited use of short text extracts and certain other materials may be permitted without formal permission if used for the purposes of criticism, review, or scholarly commentary. However, if a manuscript contains material for which the author does not hold copyright, and which is not covered under fair use or similar exceptions, the author must obtain written permission from the copyright holder prior to submission.

Use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in writing

This policy applies only to the writing process and does not restrict the use of AI tools for legitimate research purposes, such as data analysis, coding, or visualization.

Authors who choose to use AI or AI-assisted technologies in preparing manuscripts may do so only to improve readability, clarity, or language. These tools must not replace essential scholarly contributions, such as developing original insights, formulating theoretical arguments, interpreting results, or offering disciplinary recommendations.

All applications of AI must remain under strict human oversight, with authors carefully reviewing and editing any AI-generated text to ensure accuracy, completeness, and objectivity. Authors remain fully responsible and accountable for all content submitted.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship requires accountability, responsibility, and the ability to respond to inquiries regarding the accuracy and integrity of the work—obligations that only human contributors can fulfill. All named authors are responsible for ensuring the originality of the work, confirming that authorship criteria are met, and guaranteeing that the submission does not infringe on third-party rights.

Use of AI in peer review

To protect author rights, maintain confidentiality, and safeguard the integrity of the peer review process, the journal does not permit the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies (e.g., ChatGPT or similar services) in the evaluation of manuscripts. Reviewers must base their assessments solely on their own expertise and judgment.

We are, however, actively monitoring the development of compliant and secure AI tools. Should such technologies be deemed suitable for use in peer review without compromising confidentiality or ethical standards, this policy may be updated accordingly.